The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Surveillance and Monitoring for National Security: A Case Study of Nigerian Army Base, Maiduguri, Borno State
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1.1 Background of the Study
National security is a critical concern for governments worldwide, and the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become increasingly essential in enhancing surveillance and monitoring systems. AI tools can process vast amounts of data from various sources, including cameras, sensors, and drones, to detect anomalies, predict threats, and support decision-making in real time. In Nigeria, the Nigerian Army has started leveraging AI technologies to improve its security operations, particularly in regions like Borno State, which have experienced insurgent activities.
AI-powered surveillance systems are designed to monitor large areas, recognize faces, identify suspicious movements, and detect security breaches, all of which play a crucial role in maintaining national security. The Nigerian Army Base in Maiduguri has been a key site for deploying AI-driven surveillance and monitoring tools to address security challenges in the northeast (Mohammed & Ibrahim, 2025). This study examines the role of AI in enhancing national security at the Nigerian Army Base in Maiduguri.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The Nigerian Army faces significant challenges in providing effective surveillance and monitoring in conflict zones, especially in Borno State, where insurgent activities and security breaches are frequent. Traditional surveillance methods are often inadequate to cover vast territories, detect emerging threats in real time, and respond quickly. AI-based surveillance systems have the potential to address these challenges by providing more efficient, scalable, and accurate monitoring capabilities, but their integration into security operations is still a work in progress.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
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To assess the role of AI in enhancing surveillance and monitoring systems at the Nigerian Army Base in Maiduguri.
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To evaluate the effectiveness of AI in detecting security threats and supporting decision-making.
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To explore the challenges and limitations of integrating AI into national security operations.
1.4 Research Questions
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How is AI being utilized in surveillance and monitoring for national security at the Nigerian Army Base?
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What impact has AI had on detecting threats and supporting security operations?
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What challenges hinder the full adoption of AI-driven surveillance systems in national security operations?
1.5 Research Hypothesis
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AI significantly enhances the effectiveness of surveillance and monitoring in security operations.
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AI improves the detection of security threats and supports more informed decision-making.
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The challenges to AI adoption in national security are related to infrastructure, training, and cost.
1.6 Significance of the Study
This study highlights the potential for AI to revolutionize national security operations by providing faster, more accurate, and scalable surveillance and monitoring tools. It provides insights into how AI can help improve security, especially in conflict-prone regions.
1.7 Scope and Limitations of the Study
The study will focus on the Nigerian Army Base in Maiduguri and its use of AI for surveillance and monitoring. Limitations include access to sensitive security data and the evolving nature of AI integration in military operations.
1.8 Operational Definition of Terms
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Artificial Intelligence (AI): Technology that enables machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as analyzing data and detecting threats.
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Surveillance and Monitoring: The process of observing and tracking activities in a specified area for security purposes.
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National Security: The protection and defense of a nation against external and internal threats.
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Threat Detection: The identification and analysis of potential security risks using advanced technologies like AI.
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Decision-Making Support: The assistance AI provides in helping military commanders make informed and timely decisions.
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